It has a characteristic amine odour detectable at 0. Moderately soluble in water. Aniline is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and most organic solvents. Darkens on exposure to air and light. The substance is a weak base. Reacts vigorously with strong oxidants, acids, acetic anhydride, chloromelamine monomers, beta-propiolactone, and epichlorohydrin causing fire and explosion hazard.
Reacts with metals such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, producing flammable hydrogen gas. Attacks copper and its alloys. Short-term exposure to the substance irritates the eyes, and may cause effects on the blood: methaemoglobinaemia, resulting in cyanosis, brain damage and kidney failure. It is potentially lethal to humans.
Long-term or repeated exposure may have effects on the liver, kidneys, blood and spleen: methemoglobanaemia see short-term exposure. Aniline benzenamine is a probable carcinogen.
It does not remain in the body due to its breakdown and removal. Aniline is a possible reproductive hazard. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of the vapour, through the skin and by ingestion. Aniline can be formed from the breakdown of certain pollutants found in outdoor air, from the burning of plastics, or from burning tobacco.
Airborne exposure to aniline may occur from breathing contaminated air, from smoking tobacco or proximity to someone who is smoking, or from being near industrial sources that use large quantities of aniline. Occupational exposure to aniline could occur in industries that use aniline to make other chemicals.
Small amounts of aniline may be found in some foods, such as corn, grains, rhubarb, apples, beans, and rapeseed cake animal feed. Aniline has also been found as a volatile component of black tea. Aniline has been detected in drinking water and has also been found in surface water. Safe Work Australia sets the workplace exposure standard for aniline through the workplace exposure standards for airborne contaminants :. These standards are only appropriate for use in workplaces and are not limited to any specific industry or operation.
Make sure you understand how to interpret the standards before you use them. There is no guideline for aniline in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. This substance may be hazardous to the environment; with special attention given to fish, crustaceans, and birds. Tests by the aniline industry show that aniline is highly toxic to aquatic life. Aniline causes germination decrease, stunting, and size decreases among other effects on numerous agricultural crops.
Aniline is unlikely to exist in terrestrial environments in sufficient concentrations to cause serious acute or chronic effects to terrestrial organisms. Aniline in solution adsorbs strongly to colloidal organic matter, which effectively increases its solubility and movement into ground water. It is also moderately adsorbed to organic material in the soil. It will slowly volatilise from soil and surface water vapour pressure 0. Although rapidly degraded in the atmosphere, aniline can be deposited in the soil by wet and dry deposition, and by adsorption on aerosol particles.
Air: Aniline degrades in the atmosphere primarily by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. The estimated half-life for aniline is 2 hours. The reaction products include nitrosamines, nitrobenzene, formic acid, nitrophenols, phenol, nitrosobenzene, and benzidine. Soil: A number of microorganisms in soil can use aniline as a sole carbon and nitrogen source.
Degradation of Aniline bound to humic materials in the soil is subject to oxidation. Products apparently formed from oxidation include azobenzene, azoxybenzene, phenazine, formanilide, and acetanilide. Photodegradation of aniline on the soil surface is also thought to be an environmentally important removal process. Doubtnut is not responsible for any discrepancies concerning the duplicity of content over those questions.
Study Materials. Why use Doubtnut? Instant Video Solutions. Request OTP. Question :. Answer :. Related Answer. Ethylamine is soluble In water whereas aniline is not. Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not soluble in water.
Explain why ethylamine is more soluble in water, whereas aniline is not soluble. Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is almost insoluble. According for the following Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not. Account for the following Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
Give reasons for these- Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
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